Characteristics & classification Banker

1. (a) Which characteristic of living organisms is defined as 'a permanent increase in size and dry mass'?A growthB nutritionC reproductionD excretion [1]

1. (a) Which shows the correct way to write the scientific name of the house sparrow in the binomial system?A Passer DomesticusB passer domesticusC Passer domesticusD PASSER domesticus [1]

1. (a) State the seven characteristics of living organisms. [3]
2. (b) A car moves, uses fuel and gives out waste gases, but it is not alive. State two characteristics of living organisms that a car does not show. [2]

1. (a) Define excretion. [2]
2. (b) Define sensitivity. [2]
3. (c) A sunflower turns its head to face the sun. Name the characteristic of living organisms shown. [1]

1. (a) The deodar tree is named Cedrus deodara. State its genus. [1]
2. (b) The cedar of Lebanon is named Cedrus libani. What does the shared first name tell you about these two trees? [1]
3. (c) Give two rules for writing a binomial name. [2]

1. (a) Name the vertebrate group with each set of features.(i) feathers, a beak and wings(ii) moist skin with no scales; larvae with gills(iii) fur and external ears (pinnae)(iv) dry scaly skin; lays eggs with rubbery shells on land(v) fins, wet scales and gills [5]

1. (a) State three features that show a housefly is an insect. [3]
2. (b) State one feature that all arthropods share. [1]

1. (a) Maize is a monocotyledon and mustard is a dicotyledon. State how the leaf veins of the two plants differ. [1]
2. (b) State how many cotyledons are found in the seed of each plant. [1]
3. (c) A mustard flower has 4 petals. A lily flower has 6 petals. Which of these is a monocotyledon? Give a reason. [2]

A student looked at four animals with a hand lens and recorded her observations.Animal | body parts | pairs of legs | pairs of antennae | wings1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 pairs2 | 2 | 4 | 0 | none3 | 2 | 5 | 2 | none4 | many similar segments | 30 | 1 | none

1. (a) Name the arthropod group of each animal 1 to 4. [4]
2. (b) Calculate the total number of legs of animal 4. [1]
3. (c) State one feature, other than jointed legs, that all four animals share. [1]

1. (a) State three features of plant cells that are not found in animal cells. [3]
2. (b) State how plants and animals differ in the way they obtain food. [1]

1. (a) Suggest two reasons why biologists classify living organisms into groups. [2]
2. (b) State the basis on which organisms are placed into the same group. [1]

1. (a) Which features does a spider have?A 3 body parts, 3 pairs of legs, 1 pair of antennaeB 2 body parts, 4 pairs of legs, no antennaeC 2 body parts, 5 pairs of legs, 2 pairs of antennaeD many body segments, many pairs of legs, 1 pair of antennae [1]

1. (a) An animal has moist skin without scales. It lays eggs in water and its young have gills. To which group does it belong?A fishB reptilesC amphibiansD birds [1]

1. (a) Which feature is characteristic of organisms in the fungus kingdom?A cells contain chloroplastsB cells have no nucleusC they feed by secreting enzymes onto dead organic matter and absorbing the productsD cell walls are made of cellulose [1]

Key:1 (a) has antennae … go to 21 (b) has no antennae … spider2 (a) has 3 pairs of legs … butterfly2 (b) has more than 3 pairs of legs … go to 33 (a) has 2 pairs of antennae … woodlouse3 (b) has 1 pair of antennae … centipedeAnimals found in a garden in Faisalabad:E: 3 pairs of legs, 1 pair of antennae, 2 pairs of wingsF: 4 pairs of legs, no antennaeG: 7 pairs of legs, 2 pairs of antennae, hard grey exoskeletonH: long body with about 20 segments, 1 pair of legs on each segment, 1 pair of antennae

1. (a) Use the key to identify animals E, F, G and H. [4]
2. (b) Name the arthropod group to which F and G each belong. [2]

Key:1 (a) fruit has wings … go to 21 (b) fruit has no wings … go to 32 (a) one wing … J2 (b) two wings … K3 (a) fruit is fleshy … go to 43 (b) fruit is dry with hooks … N4 (a) one large seed … L4 (b) many seeds … M

1. (a) Use the key to give the letter for each fruit.(i) a mango: fleshy, with one large seed(ii) a guava: fleshy, with many small seeds(iii) a dry fruit covered in tiny hooks(iv) a dry fruit with two wings [4]
2. (b) State why each step of the key has exactly two statements. [1]

1. (a) A prawn is a crustacean and a locust is an insect. Give three ways in which a prawn differs from a locust. [3]
2. (b) Both animals have an exoskeleton. State one other feature they share. [1]

Bacteria are single-celled organisms. Some live in the soil of a rice field in Punjab.

1. (a) Name the kingdom to which bacteria belong. [1]
2. (b) State two structures found in a plant cell that are not found in a bacterial cell. [2]
3. (c) State two structures that are found in a bacterial cell. [2]

Ferns grow on the shady, damp banks of streams in the Murree hills, while flowering plants such as wild roses grow nearby.

1. (a) Ferns and flowering plants are both in the plant kingdom. State two features shared by all plants. [2]
2. (b) State two features that distinguish ferns from flowering plants. [2]

Fruit bats roost in large trees in Lahore and fly out at dusk to feed.

1. (a) A bat flies like a bird. State three features that show it is a mammal. [3]
2. (b) State one feature a bird has that a bat does not. [1]

Key to some animals of Pakistan:1 (a) breathes with gills as an adult … mahseer1 (b) breathes with lungs … go to 22 (a) has feathers … peacock2 (b) has no feathers … go to 33 (a) has mammary glands … go to 43 (b) has no mammary glands … go to 54 (a) lives in rivers, has flippers … Indus river dolphin4 (b) lives on mountains, has horns … markhor5 (a) dry skin with scales … mugger crocodile5 (b) moist skin without scales … bullfrog

1. (a) Use the key to identify the animal that ends at statement 5 (b). [1]
2. (b) State the number of the statement that separates the Indus river dolphin from the markhor. [1]
3. (c) The Indus river dolphin lives in water and has fins, like a mahseer fish. Explain why it is classified as a mammal, not a fish. [3]

1. (a) Which feature is typical of a monocotyledon such as wheat?A two cotyledons in each seedB leaves with a branching network of veinsC flower parts in multiples of threeD flower parts in multiples of five [1]

1. (a) Which structure is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells but is NOT found in a virus?A ribosomesB a nucleusC a cell wallD genetic material [1]

Leaf A: simple, smooth edge, parallel veinsLeaf B: compound (divided into leaflets), leaflets with toothed edgesLeaf C: simple, toothed edge, branching veinsLeaf D: compound, leaflets with smooth edges

1. (a) Construct a dichotomous key to identify leaves A, B, C and D. Use only features given in the descriptions. [4]

The base sequence of the same 300-base section of a gene was compared in four species of bird. Number of bases that differ from species W:X: 6Y: 27Z: 45

1. (a) Calculate the percentage of bases that differ between species W and each of X, Y and Z. [2]
2. (b) State which species is most closely related to W. Explain your answer. [2]
3. (c) Explain why scientists now use DNA base sequences as well as visible features to classify organisms. [2]

1. (a) Describe the structure of a virus. [2]
2. (b) Viruses are not placed in any of the five kingdoms. Suggest why. [3]

A student wrote this key for five beetles collected in a park:1 Is it large? yes … go to 2; no … go to 32 Is it pretty? yes … beetle A; no … beetle B3 Is it dark? yes … beetle C; no … go to 44 Is it fast? yes … beetle D; no … beetle E

1. (a) Explain why the questions in this key are not suitable, and suggest a better question for step 1. [4]
2. (b) State two other rules for a good dichotomous key. [2]

1. (a) Birds and reptiles both lay eggs with shells on land. Give two features that can be used to tell a bird from a reptile. [2]
2. (b) Birds have scales on their legs. Explain why this does not make them reptiles. [1]

A scientist found a new organism growing on dead leaves in a forest in Swat. It is multicellular and made of thread-like hyphae. Its cells have nuclei and cell walls that are not made of cellulose, but no chloroplasts. It releases enzymes onto the dead leaves and absorbs the products.

1. (a) Name the kingdom to which this organism belongs. [1]
2. (b) Give two reasons from the description why it is not a plant. [2]
3. (c) Give one reason from the description why it is not an animal. [1]
4. (d) Describe its type of nutrition. [2]

housefly: 3 pairs of legs, 1 pair of antennae, 1 pair of wingsbutterfly: 3 pairs of legs, 1 pair of antennae, 2 pairs of wingsspider: 4 pairs of legs, no antennae, no wings, no tailscorpion: 4 pairs of legs, no antennae, no wings, a long tail with a stingcrab: 5 pairs of legs, 2 pairs of antennae, no wings

1. (a) Construct a dichotomous key to identify these five arthropods. Use only the features given. [5]