Programming Banker

A cricket academy in Sialkot records the runs scored by its 20 players in each of 10 matches. The program uses:• a one-dimensional array PlayerName[1:20] of type STRING, already holding the players' names• a two-dimensional array Runs[1:20, 1:10] of type INTEGERRequirements:• allow the runs for every player in every match to be input, rejecting any value below 0 or above 300• calculate each player's total and average runs (average rounded to 1 decimal place) and output the name, total and average• find and output the name of the player with the highest total.You may answer in pseudocode or a high-level programming language. Use meaningful identifiers and add comments.

1. (a) Write the section of the program that inputs and validates the runs for every player in every match. [5]
2. (b) Write the section that calculates and outputs each player's total and average. [5]
3. (c) Write the section that finds and outputs the name of the player with the highest total. (You may store each total in an array Totals[1:20] in part (b).) [5]

A power company calculates monthly bills for 50 households. Each household's meter reading at the start and end of the month is input. Units used = end reading − start reading.Charges:• the first 100 units cost Rs 10 each• units from 101 to 300 cost Rs 15 each• every unit above 300 costs Rs 25The program uses arrays HouseID[1:50] (STRING, already filled) and Bill[1:50] (REAL).Requirements:• input both readings for each house; the end reading must not be less than the start reading• calculate and store each bill, and output the house ID with its units and bill• output the total of all bills and the number of households that used more than 300 units.You may answer in pseudocode or a high-level programming language. Use meaningful identifiers and add comments.

1. (a) Write the section that inputs and validates both readings for one household and calculates the units used. [4]
2. (b) Write the section that calculates the bill for one household from Units and stores it in Bill[House]. [5]
3. (c) Write the rest of the program: the loop for all 50 households, initialising the counters, and outputting the total of all bills and the count of households above 300 units. (Use your sections from (a) and (b).) [5]
4. (d) Calculate the bill for a household that uses 350 units. [1]

A school canteen sells 5 items. The arrays ItemName[1:5] (STRING) and Price[1:5] (REAL) already hold the item names and prices. An array Sold[1:5] of INTEGER will hold the number of each item sold in a day.Requirements:• set all values in Sold to 0• for each order, display a numbered menu, input the item number (1–5) and quantity (1–10) with validation, output the cost of that order and update Sold• stop taking orders when the item number 9 is entered• output, for each item, the name, number sold and money taken, and then the total money taken for the day.You may answer in pseudocode or a high-level programming language. Use meaningful identifiers and add comments.

1. (a) Write the section that initialises Sold and displays the menu. [3]
2. (b) Write the section that takes orders until 9 is entered. [7]
3. (c) Write the section that outputs the daily summary. [5]

A fitness club in Kuala Lumpur gives each member a step counter. For one member, the steps taken each day for 4 weeks are stored in a two-dimensional array Steps[1:4, 1:7] of INTEGER (week, day).Requirements:• input the steps for every day; a value must be between 0 and 60 000• output the total steps for each week and the week with the most steps• output the number of days on which the member reached the target of 10 000 steps, and the percentage of days (to 1 decimal place).You may answer in pseudocode or a high-level programming language. Use meaningful identifiers and add comments.

1. (a) Write the section that inputs and validates the steps. [4]
2. (b) Write the section that outputs each week's total and the week with the most steps. [6]
3. (c) Write the section that outputs the number and percentage of days on which 10 000 steps were reached. [4]
4. (d) The member reached the target on 17 days. State the percentage your program outputs. [1]

A cinema in Hyderabad has 8 rows (A to H, numbered 1 to 8 in the program) with 12 seats in each row. The program uses a two-dimensional Boolean array Booked[1:8, 1:12], where TRUE means the seat is taken. A ticket costs Rs 900, but seats in rows 1 and 2 cost Rs 600.Requirements:• at the start, set every seat to not booked• repeatedly let a customer choose a row and seat number; validate both; if the seat is free, book it and add the price to the takings, otherwise output a message• stop when the customer enters 0 for the row• at the end, output the total takings and the number of empty seats in each row.You may answer in pseudocode or a high-level programming language. Use meaningful identifiers and add comments.

1. (a) Write the section that sets every seat to not booked and initialises the takings. [3]
2. (b) Write the section that handles bookings until 0 is entered for the row. [7]
3. (c) Write the section that outputs the total takings and the number of empty seats in each row. [5]

A public library in Peshawar records returned books. For each of 30 returns in a day, the librarian inputs the member ID (exactly 6 characters) and the number of days late (0 to 60). The fine is Rs 20 per day for the first 7 days late and Rs 50 per day after that; the maximum fine is Rs 2000.The program uses arrays MemberID[1:30] (STRING) and Fine[1:30] (INTEGER).Requirements:• input and validate the member ID (length check) and days late (range check)• calculate and store each fine and output it• output the total fines, the average fine of the members who paid a fine (rounded to 2 decimal places), and the member ID with the largest fine.You may answer in pseudocode or a high-level programming language. Use meaningful identifiers and add comments.

1. (a) Write the section that inputs and validates the data for return number Count. [4]
2. (b) Write the section that calculates and stores the fine for return number Count. [4]
3. (c) Write the section that outputs the total, the average fine of members who paid a fine, and the member with the largest fine. [5]
4. (d) Calculate the fines for members who are 20 days late and 45 days late. [2]

A shopping mall car park in Karachi records the number plate and the time a car entered and left, as whole hours and minutes on a 24-hour clock (the car park is open from 08:00 to 23:00, so every stay is on one day). The charge is Rs 100 for the first hour or part of an hour, then Rs 60 for each extra hour or part of an hour. Cars staying 15 minutes or less park free.The program processes 200 cars a day, using arrays Plate[1:200] (STRING) and Charge[1:200] (INTEGER).Requirements:• input and validate the times (hours 8–23, minutes 0–59, leaving time after entry time)• calculate the stay in minutes and the charge, and output both• output the total takings and the number of cars that parked free.You may answer in pseudocode or a high-level programming language. Use meaningful identifiers and add comments.

1. (a) Write the section that inputs and validates the entry and exit times for car number Car and calculates the stay in minutes. [5]
2. (b) Write the section that calculates and outputs the charge for car number Car. [5]
3. (c) Write the main loop and the end-of-day output. Initialise any totals. [4]
4. (d) A car enters at 10:40 and leaves at 13:05. Calculate its charge. [1]

A pharmacy in Multan keeps 40 medicines. The arrays MedName[1:40] (STRING), Stock[1:40] (INTEGER) and ReorderLevel[1:40] (INTEGER) are already filled.Requirements:• display a menu: 1 Record a sale, 2 Record a delivery, 3 Reorder report, 4 Exit• for a sale or delivery, input the medicine name and search for it; if it is not found output a message; otherwise input the quantity (must be a positive whole number; a sale cannot be more than the stock) and update Stock• the reorder report lists every medicine whose stock is at or below its reorder level, and the number of such medicines• repeat until option 4 is chosen.You may answer in pseudocode or a high-level programming language. Use meaningful identifiers and add comments.

1. (a) Write the section that inputs a medicine name and performs a linear search, setting Found to the index of the medicine or to 0 if it is not found. [4]
2. (b) Write the section that processes a sale (option 1) once the medicine has been found. [4]
3. (c) Write the menu loop, including option 2 (delivery) and option 3 (reorder report). You may refer to your sections (a) and (b). [7]

A charity marathon in Lahore has up to 500 runners. Each runner's number (1 to 500) and finishing time in hours, minutes and seconds are input. The program stores the times in seconds in an array Seconds[1:500] of INTEGER; a value of 0 means the runner did not finish.Requirements:• set every element of Seconds to 0• input results until runner number −1 is entered; validate the runner number, minutes and seconds (0–59) and hours (0–7); a runner number that already has a time must be rejected• output the number of finishers, the runner number of the fastest finisher and the average finishing time as hours, minutes and whole seconds• output how many finishers completed in under 4 hours.You may answer in pseudocode or a high-level programming language. Use meaningful identifiers and add comments.

1. (a) Write the section that initialises the array and inputs and validates all results. [7]
2. (b) Write the section that calculates and outputs the number of finishers, the fastest runner and the count under 4 hours. [4]
3. (c) Write the section that outputs the average finishing time in hours, minutes and whole seconds. [3]
4. (d) The average time is 15 125 seconds. State what your program outputs for the average. [1]

A cold-storage warehouse near Okara stores mangoes for export. A temperature reading (°C, REAL) is taken every hour for 7 days and stored in a two-dimensional array Temp[1:7, 1:24]. Safe readings are from 8.0 to 13.0 inclusive.Requirements:• input all 168 readings; any reading below −10 or above 40 must be rejected as a sensor fault and re-entered• for each day output the day number, the lowest and highest reading and the average reading to 1 decimal place• output the day and hour of every unsafe reading• output 'SPOILAGE RISK' for any day that has 3 or more consecutive unsafe readings.You may answer in pseudocode or a high-level programming language. Use meaningful identifiers and add comments.

1. (a) Write the section that inputs and validates all the readings. [4]
2. (b) Write the section that outputs each day's lowest, highest and average reading, and the day and hour of every unsafe reading. [7]
3. (c) Write the section that outputs 'SPOILAGE RISK' for any day with 3 or more consecutive unsafe readings. [4]

A teacher in Quetta gives a 20-question multiple-choice quiz to a class of 35 students. Each answer is a single character A, B, C or D.The program uses:• Key[1:20] (CHAR) holding the correct answers, already filled• Answers[1:35, 1:20] (CHAR) for the students' answers• StudentName[1:35] (STRING), already filledRequirements:• input every student's answers; accept lower-case letters by converting them to upper case; reject anything other than A–D• calculate each student's score out of 20 and output the name, score and grade (Distinction 17 or more, Merit 13–16, Pass 10–12, otherwise Fail)• output the question number(s) answered correctly by the fewest students.You may answer in pseudocode or a high-level programming language. Use meaningful identifiers and add comments.

1. (a) Write the section that inputs and validates all answers. [5]
2. (b) Write the section that calculates and outputs each student's score and grade, and counts how many students got each question right in an array Correct[1:20]. [6]
3. (c) Write the section that outputs the question number(s) answered correctly by the fewest students. [4]

A metro bus route in Lahore has 15 stops, numbered 1 to 15. The fare depends on the number of stops travelled: 1–4 stops Rs 30, 5–9 stops Rs 50, 10 or more stops Rs 70. Students pay half fare (rounded down to a whole rupee).The program records journeys during one day using a two-dimensional array Trips[1:15, 1:15] of INTEGER, where Trips[Board, Leave] counts journeys from stop Board to stop Leave.Requirements:• initialise every element of Trips to 0• for each journey, input the boarding stop, the leaving stop (both 1–15 and different) and whether the passenger is a student (Y/N); output the fare and update Trips and the day's takings• stop when 0 is entered as the boarding stop• output the total takings, the number of student journeys, and the busiest journey (the boarding and leaving stops with the highest count).You may answer in pseudocode or a high-level programming language. Use meaningful identifiers and add comments.

1. (a) Write a function Fare(Board : INTEGER, Leave : INTEGER, Student : BOOLEAN) RETURNS INTEGER that returns the fare for one journey. [5]
2. (b) Write the section that initialises Trips and processes journeys until 0 is entered. [6]
3. (c) Write the section that outputs the totals and the busiest journey. [3]
4. (d) State the fare your function returns for a student travelling from stop 3 to stop 13. [1]

Pre-release style scenario (practise as if you had programmed it beforehand):A cricket academy in Sialkot measures the speed of every delivery in km/h at a fast-bowling camp. There are 8 bowlers and each bowls 6 deliveries.Task 1 – store the names of the 8 bowlers, then input the 6 speeds for each bowler. A speed is valid only if it is from 60 to 160 km/h.Task 2 – calculate and output each bowler's name and average speed, rounded to one decimal place.Task 3 – find and output the fastest single delivery of the camp and the name of the bowler who bowled it.

1. (a) Write pseudocode to declare the arrays needed for Task 1. Use BowlerName to store the 8 names and Speed to store the 6 speeds of each bowler. [2]
2. (b) Write pseudocode for the part of Task 1 that inputs and validates one speed and stores it in Speed[B, D], where B is the bowler number and D the delivery number. [3]
3. (c) State which of these inputs your validation would reject: 58, 60, 160, 172.5 [1]
4. (d) In Task 2, Usman's six speeds are 132.4, 138.0, 141.6, 129.9, 135.2 and 137.5. Calculate his average speed, rounded to one decimal place. [2]
5. (e) Explain how your program would carry out Task 3. [3]

Pre-release style scenario (practise as if you had programmed it beforehand):A school in Rawalpindi is running a tree-planting week. Each of its 6 classes plants trees every day for 5 days.Task 1 – set up arrays to store the class names and the number of trees planted by each class on each day; input and validate the daily numbers (0 to 50).Task 2 – calculate and output the total trees for each class and for the whole school.Task 3 – output the name of the class that planted the most trees.

1. (a) Describe the arrays you would use for Task 1, giving names, sizes and data types. [3]
2. (b) Write an algorithm for Task 2. [4]
3. (c) Explain how your program would perform Task 3. [2]

Pre-release style scenario:A café in Abu Dhabi runs a loyalty scheme for up to 100 customers. Each customer has a 4-digit card number and a points balance.Task 1 – set up the data structures and allow a new customer to be added with 0 points; the card number must be 4 digits and must not already exist.Task 2 – when a customer buys something, input the card number and the amount spent in whole dirhams; add 1 point for every whole 10 dirhams spent.Task 3 – when a customer has 200 or more points, offer a free drink, which uses 200 points.

1. (a) Write an algorithm for Task 2. Assume arrays CardNo[1:100] and Points[1:100] and a variable NumCustomers. [5]
2. (b) Explain how your program checks that a new card number is valid in Task 1. [3]
3. (c) Calculate the points earned for spending 87 dirhams, and state the new balance of a customer who had 196 points. [2]

Pre-release style scenario (practise as if you had programmed it beforehand):A coach company runs three trips a day from Lahore to Islamabad, leaving at 07:00, 13:00 and 19:00 (departures 1, 2 and 3). Each coach has 40 seats.Task 1 – set up an array SeatsLeft[1:3] with every value set to 40, and set the day's takings to 0.Task 2 – for a booking, input the departure (1 to 3) and the number of adult and child passengers. An adult ticket costs Rs 2800 and a child ticket Rs 1400. A group of 6 or more passengers gets 10% off the total cost. Refuse the booking if there are not enough seats left. Otherwise output the cost, update the seats left and add the cost to the takings.Task 3 – at the end of the day, output the total takings and the departure time that carried the most passengers.

1. (a) Write an algorithm in pseudocode for Task 2. Assume the array SeatsLeft[1:3] and a REAL variable Takings have already been set up in Task 1. [6]
2. (b) A family books 4 adult and 3 child tickets on one departure. Calculate the cost of the booking. Show your working. [2]
3. (c) A departure has 9 seats left. Give one normal, one boundary and one erroneous value to test the total number of passengers in a booking, and state the expected result of each. [3]
4. (d) Explain how Task 3 can find the departure with the most passengers, using SeatsLeft. [3]

Pre-release style scenario:On sports day, a school in Kandy has four houses (Red, Blue, Green, Yellow). There are 12 events. In each event, 1st place earns 5 points, 2nd 3 points and 3rd 1 point.Task 1 – for each event, input the houses that came 1st, 2nd and 3rd; a house cannot be placed twice in the same event.Task 2 – keep a running total of points for each house and output the totals after every event.Task 3 – at the end, output the houses in order from highest to lowest points.

1. (a) Write an algorithm for Task 1 and Task 2 for one event. Assume House[1:4] holds the house names and Total[1:4] holds the points so far. [6]
2. (b) Explain how a bubble sort could be used to perform Task 3. [3]
3. (c) After all 12 events, calculate the total number of points awarded to all houses together. [1]

A program contains the statement:City ← "Islamabad"In the string functions, the first character is at position 1. SUBSTRING(Text, Start, Length) returns Length characters starting at position Start.

1. (a) State the output of each statement:(i) OUTPUT LENGTH(City)(ii) OUTPUT UCASE(City)(iii) OUTPUT SUBSTRING(City, 1, 5)(iv) OUTPUT SUBSTRING(City, 6, 4) [4]
2. (b) Write a statement that outputs the first letter of City in lower case. [1]

1. (a) State the value of each expression:(i) 47 MOD 5(ii) 47 DIV 5(iii) ROUND(47 / 5, 1) [3]
2. (b) State whether each Boolean expression is TRUE or FALSE:(i) (8 >= 8) AND (3 <> 3)(ii) NOT (5 < 2) OR FALSE(iii) (10 MOD 4 = 2) AND (10 DIV 4 = 2) [3]
3. (c) Write a single expression using MOD that is TRUE only when the integer variable Year is divisible by 4. [1]

1. (a) Write an algorithm in pseudocode that:• inputs a sentence• counts how many vowels (a, e, i, o, u, in either case) it contains• outputs the number of vowels.Use the string functions LENGTH, SUBSTRING and LCASE. [5]
2. (b) State the output of your algorithm when the input is "Data Science". [1]

1. (a) A program for a sports club stores the following data. Give the most suitable data type (INTEGER, REAL, CHAR, STRING or BOOLEAN) for each.(i) a member's age in whole years(ii) the membership fee, e.g. 1250.50(iii) the member's grade, a single letter such as B(iv) whether the member has paid(v) the member's phone number, e.g. 0300-1234567 [5]
2. (b) Explain the difference between a variable and a constant. [2]
3. (c) Write a pseudocode statement that declares a constant for the joining fee of 500. [1]

1. (a) Name the three types of loop structure used in pseudocode and state when each is most suitable. [3]
2. (b) Study this algorithm:X ← 100Count ← 0REPEAT X ← X DIV 2 Count ← Count + 1UNTIL X < 5OUTPUT Count, " ", XState the output. [2]
3. (c) Rewrite the algorithm in (b) using a WHILE loop so that it gives the same output. [2]

1. (a) Study this algorithm:Total ← 0FOR Count ← 1 TO 6 Num ← (Count * 3) MOD 4 IF Num = 0 THEN Total ← Total + 10 ELSE Total ← Total + Num ENDIFNEXT CountOUTPUT TotalState the value of Num on each pass of the loop, and the final output. [4]
2. (b) Rewrite the IF statement in the algorithm as a CASE statement that gives the same result. [3]

1. (a) Explain why a program might store data in a file. [2]
2. (b) Write pseudocode to store the value of the variable HighScore in a new text file called "scores.txt". [3]

1. (a) The file "members.txt" stores the number of members on its first line, followed by one member name per line. Write pseudocode that reads every name into the array Names[1:200] and outputs how many names were read. [5]
2. (b) State what happens to the existing contents of a file when it is opened FOR WRITE. [1]

1. (a) A shop stores its daily sales in the array Sales[1:7] of REAL. Write a procedure SaveWeek() that writes the seven values to the file "week.txt", one per line, and then reads them back from the file and outputs their total. [6]
2. (b) Explain why the file must be closed after writing before it is opened again for reading. [2]

The array Marks[1:5] of INTEGER holds these values: Marks[1] = 56, Marks[2] = 78, Marks[3] = 91, Marks[4] = 45, Marks[5] = 67.

1. (a) State the value of Marks[3]. [1]
2. (b) Write the pseudocode statement that declares the array. [2]
3. (c) Write pseudocode to calculate and output the average mark. [3]
4. (d) State the average your algorithm would output. [1]

A company stores the number of laptops sold by 3 branches in 4 quarters in the array Sales[1:3, 1:4] (branch, quarter):Branch 1: 12, 15, 9, 20Branch 2: 8, 22, 14, 11Branch 3: 17, 10, 19, 13

1. (a) State the value of Sales[2, 3]. [1]
2. (b) Write pseudocode that finds and outputs the quarter in which the most laptops were sold in total by all three branches. [5]
3. (c) State the output of your algorithm for this data, and the total for that quarter. [2]

1. (a) Explain the difference between a procedure and a function. [2]
2. (b) Explain the difference between a local variable and a global variable. [2]
3. (c) State the value returned by each library routine:(i) ROUND(7.468, 2)(ii) 29 MOD 6(iii) 29 DIV 6 [3]
4. (d) Write a statement that assigns a random whole number from 1 to 6 to the variable Dice, using the library routine RANDOM(), which returns a value from 0 up to (but not including) 1. [1]

A bookshop gives loyalty points with this function:FUNCTION Points(Amount : INTEGER, Member : BOOLEAN) RETURNS INTEGER DECLARE P : INTEGER P ← Amount DIV 100 IF Member = TRUE THEN P ← P * 2 ENDIF IF P > 50 THEN P ← 50 ENDIF RETURN PENDFUNCTION

1. (a) State the value returned by each call:(i) Points(2350, FALSE)(ii) Points(2350, TRUE)(iii) Points(3020, TRUE) [3]
2. (b) Identify the parameters of the function and the local variable. [2]
3. (c) Write a statement in the main program that calls the function for a member who spends Rs 4100 and adds the result to the variable Balance. [2]

1. (a) Give four ways a programmer can make a program easier to maintain. [4]
2. (b) Explain why maintainable programs are important for a software company. [2]

A student wrote this algorithm:INPUT aINPUT bc ← a * 0.17d ← a + c − bOUTPUT dThe algorithm calculates the price to pay for an item: a is the price, 0.17 is the sales tax rate and b is a discount.

1. (a) Rewrite the algorithm so that it is easier to maintain. Use a constant, meaningful identifiers, comments and prompts. [5]
2. (b) Explain why using a constant for the tax rate helps when the rate changes. [1]
3. (c) Calculate the output when the price is 2000 and the discount is 150. [1]