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school. “Paper 42” means Paper 4, variant 2.
Practice questions
Original questions written by HomiLabs in the style of the exam, with answers and mark schemes. They are not
Cambridge past paper questions and have not been reviewed by Cambridge. Try each one before opening the answer.
Q1Discriminant / tangency · Core · Paper 1 style · 3 marks
(a)Find the values of the constant k for which the equation 2x² + kx + 18 = 0 has two equal roots.[3]
Q2Discriminant / tangency · Core · Paper 1 style · 4 marks
(a)Show that the equation 3x² − 5x + 4 = 0 has no real roots.[2]
(b)Find the set of values of the constant p for which the equation x² + 6x + p = 0 has two distinct real roots.[2]
Show answer
(a) Discriminant = −23 < 0, so no real roots
b² − 4ac = 25 − 48 = −23 (M1). Negative, so no real roots (A1).
(b) p < 9
36 − 4p > 0 (M1). p < 9 (A1).
Q3Discriminant / tangency · Core · Paper 1 style · 4 marks
(a)The line y = 2x + c is a tangent to the curve y = x² − 4x + 7. Find the value of c and the coordinates of the point where the line touches the curve.[4]
Show answer
(a) c = −2; point of contact (3, 4)
x² − 4x + 7 = 2x + c gives x² − 6x + (7 − c) = 0 (M1). Tangent: 36 − 4(7 − c) = 0 (M1), c = −2 (A1). Then x² − 6x + 9 = 0, x = 3, y = 4 (A1).
Q4Discriminant / tangency · Standard · Paper 1 style · 4 marks
(a)The equation kx² + (k + 3)x + 1 = 0 is a quadratic equation in x, where k is a non-zero constant. Show that its discriminant is k² + 2k + 9.[2]
(b)By completing the square, show that the equation has two distinct real roots for every non-zero value of k.[2]
Equal roots when k = −1 or 9 (B1). k = −1: −x² + 6x − 9 = 0, x = 3 (positive) (M1). k = 9: 9x² + 6x + 1 = 0, x = −1/3 (negative), so k = −1, root 3 (A1).
Q9Discriminant / tangency · Challenge · Paper 1 style · 6 marks
(a)The line x + 2y = c is a tangent to the curve y = 4/x. Find the possible values of c, giving your answers in exact form.[4]
(b)Find the coordinates of the point of contact for the positive value of c.[2]
Q10Completing the square · Core · Paper 1 style · 4 marks
(a)Express 2x² − 12x + 23 in the form a(x + b)² + c, where a, b and c are constants.[3]
(b)Hence state the minimum value of 2x² − 12x + 23 and the value of x at which it occurs.[1]
Show answer
(a) 2(x − 3)² + 5
a = 2 (B1), b = −3 (B1), c = 23 − 18 = 5 (B1).
(b) Minimum 5 when x = 3
B1 for both.
Q11Completing the square · Core · Paper 1 style · 3 marks
(a)Express 7 + 8x − x² in the form a − (x − b)².[2]
(b)State the coordinates of the maximum point of the curve y = 7 + 8x − x².[1]
Show answer
(a) 23 − (x − 4)²
b = 4 (B1). a = 7 + 16 = 23 (B1).
(b) (4, 23)
B1 follow through.
Q12Completing the square · Core · Paper 1 style · 4 marks
(a)Express x² + 5x + 1 in the form (x + p)² + q.[2]
(b)Hence solve the equation x² + 5x + 1 = 0, giving your answers in exact form.[2]
Show answer
(a) (x + 5/2)² − 21/4
p = 5/2 (B1), q = 1 − 25/4 = −21/4 (B1).
(b) x = (−5 ± √21)/2
(x + 5/2)² = 21/4 (M1). x = −5/2 ± √21/2 (A1).
Q13Completing the square · Standard · Paper 1 style · 5 marks
The function f is defined by f(x) = 3x² + 18x + 20 for x ≥ k, where k is a constant.
(a)Express f(x) in the form a(x + b)² + c.[3]
(b)State the smallest value of k for which f is a one-one function.[1]
(c)For this value of k, state the range of f.[1]
Show answer
(a) 3(x + 3)² − 7
a = 3 (B1), b = 3 (B1), c = 20 − 27 = −7 (B1).
(b) k = −3
B1: the vertex is at x = −3.
(c) f(x) ≥ −7
B1.
Q14Completing the square · Standard · Paper 1 style · 6 marks
The function g is defined for all real x by g(x) = 4x² − 12x + 13.
(a)Express g(x) in the form (ax + b)² + c, where a > 0.[3]
(b)Hence explain why g(x) > 0 for all x, and find the range of the function h(x) = 1/g(x).[3]
Show answer
(a) (2x − 3)² + 4
a = 2 (B1), b = −3 (B1), c = 13 − 9 = 4 (B1).
(b) g(x) ≥ 4 > 0; range of h: 0 < h(x) ≤ 1/4
(2x − 3)² ≥ 0 so g(x) ≥ 4 (B1). Largest value of h is 1/4 at x = 3/2 (M1). h(x) > 0 and tends to 0 as |x| grows: 0 < h(x) ≤ 1/4 (A1).
Q15Completing the square · Standard · Paper 1 style · 5 marks
A farmer near Sahiwal has 60 m of fencing. She uses it for three sides of a rectangular goat pen; the fourth side is an existing brick wall. The two sides perpendicular to the wall each have length x m.
(a)Show that the area A m² of the pen is given by A = 60x − 2x².[1]
(b)Express A in the form p − q(x − r)² and hence find the greatest possible area and the value of x that gives it.[4]
Show answer
(a) A = x(60 − 2x) = 60x − 2x²
Side parallel to wall = 60 − 2x, so A = x(60 − 2x) (B1).
(b) A = 450 − 2(x − 15)²; greatest area 450 m² when x = 15
−2(x² − 30x) = −2[(x − 15)² − 225] (M1) = 450 − 2(x − 15)² (A1 A1). Maximum 450 m² at x = 15 (A1).
Q16Completing the square · Challenge · Paper 1 style · 8 marks
The function f is defined for all real x by f(x) = −2x² + 8x + c, where c is a constant.
(a)Express f(x) in the form a(x + b)² + d, giving d in terms of c.[3]
(b)The line y = 3 is a tangent to the curve y = f(x). Find the value of c.[2]
(c)For this value of c, find the set of values of x for which f(x) > −15.[3]
Show answer
(a) −2(x − 2)² + 8 + c
a = −2 (B1), b = −2 (B1), d = 8 + c (B1).
(b) c = −5
The maximum value 8 + c equals 3 (M1), c = −5 (A1).
Let u = x² − 3x: u² − 2u − 8 = 0 (M1), u = 4 or −2 (A1). x² − 3x − 4 = 0 gives x = 4 or −1 (A1). x² − 3x + 2 = 0 gives x = 1 or 2 (M1 A1).
Q23Disguised quadratic · Challenge · Paper 1 style · 6 marks
(a)Find the set of values of the constant k for which the equation x − 4√x + k = 0 has two distinct real roots.[4]
(b)Solve the equation when k = 3.[2]
Show answer
(a) 0 ≤ k < 4
Let u = √x (u ≥ 0): u² − 4u + k = 0 needs two distinct non-negative roots u (M1). Discriminant 16 − 4k > 0 gives k < 4 (A1). Sum of roots 4 > 0 and product k ≥ 0 (k = 0 gives u = 0 or 4, i.e. x = 0 or 16) (M1). 0 ≤ k < 4 (A1).
(b) x = 1 or x = 9
u² − 4u + 3 = 0, u = 1 or 3 (M1). x = 1 or 9 (A1).
Q24Line-curve intersection · Core · Paper 1 style · 4 marks
(a)Find the coordinates of the points where the line y = x + 1 meets the curve y = x² − 3x + 4.[4]
Show answer
(a) (1, 2) and (3, 4)
x² − 3x + 4 = x + 1 (M1). x² − 4x + 3 = 0 (A1). x = 1 or 3 (A1). Points (1, 2), (3, 4) (A1).
Q25Line-curve intersection · Standard · Paper 1 style · 6 marks
The line 2x + y = 9 meets the curve x² + xy = 8 at the points A and B.
(a)Find the coordinates of A and B.[4]
(b)Find the exact length of AB.[2]
Show answer
(a) (1, 7) and (8, −7)
y = 9 − 2x so x² + x(9 − 2x) = 8 (M1). x² − 9x + 8 = 0 (A1). x = 1 or 8 (A1). (1, 7) and (8, −7) (A1).
(b) 7√5
AB² = 7² + 14² = 245 (M1). AB = √245 = 7√5 (A1).
Q26Line-curve intersection · Standard · Paper 1 style · 6 marks
The curve y = 2x² − 5x + 3 and the line y = 3 − x meet at the points P and Q.
(a)Find the coordinates of P and Q.[3]
(b)Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of PQ.[3]
Show answer
(a) (0, 3) and (2, 1)
2x² − 5x + 3 = 3 − x gives 2x² − 4x = 0 (M1). x = 0 or 2 (A1). (0, 3), (2, 1) (A1).
(b) y = x + 1
Midpoint (1, 2) (B1). Gradient PQ = −1 so perpendicular gradient 1 (M1). y − 2 = x − 1, y = x + 1 (A1).
Q27Line-curve intersection · Challenge · Paper 1 style · 6 marks
The line y = kx − 2 meets the curve y = x² + 2 at two points. The x-coordinate of one point is four times the x-coordinate of the other.
(a)Show that the x-coordinates satisfy x² − kx + 4 = 0.[1]
(b)Find the two possible values of k.[3]
(c)For the positive value of k, find the coordinates of the two points.[2]
Show answer
(a) x² + 2 = kx − 2 gives x² − kx + 4 = 0
B1.
(b) k = 5 or k = −5
Roots r and 4r: product 4r² = 4 so r = ±1 (M1 A1). Sum 5r = k, k = ±5 (A1).
(c) (1, 3) and (4, 18)
x² − 5x + 4 = 0, x = 1 or 4 (M1). (1, 3), (4, 18) (A1).
Q28Line-curve intersection · Challenge · Paper 1 style · 6 marks
The curve C has equation xy = 12.
(a)Find the coordinates of the points where the line x + 2y = 10 meets C.[3]
(b)Find the set of values of the constant c for which the line x + 2y = c meets C at two distinct points.[3]
Show answer
(a) (4, 3) and (6, 2)
x(10 − x)/2 = 12 (M1). x² − 10x + 24 = 0 (A1). x = 4, y = 3; x = 6, y = 2 (A1).
(b) c < −4√6 or c > 4√6
x² − cx + 24 = 0 (M1). c² − 96 > 0 (M1). c < −4√6 or c > 4√6 (A1).
Q29Sketching quadratics · Core · Paper 1 style · 5 marks
The curve C has equation y = x² − 2x − 8.
(a)Find the coordinates of the points where C crosses the axes and the coordinates of its vertex. Describe the shape of C.[4]